Why is my Ford Explorer 2021 experiencing steering issues?

Step 1: Visual Inspection

1. Check Steering Components: Look for any visible signs of damage or wear in the steering system components, including the steering rack, tie rods, and power steering hoses.
2. Inspect Fluid Levels: Check the power steering fluid reservoir level. If low, top off with the recommended fluid (usually ATF or dedicated power steering fluid).
3. Look for Leaks: Examine the ground under the vehicle for any signs of fluid leaks.

Step 2: Electronic Systems Check

1. Scan for Codes: Use an OBD-II scanner to check for any fault codes related to the steering or Electronic Power Steering (EPS) system.
   • Tools Required: OBD-II scanner.
   • Expected Codes: Codes related to steering angle sensor, EPS motor, or any communication issues.

Step 3: Test Drive

1. Conditions: Drive the vehicle in a safe area.
2. Steering Feel: Assess how the steering feels at various speeds and turning conditions.
3. Listen for Noises: Note any unusual noises during the test drive.

Step 4: Further Diagnostic Testing

1. Check Steering Angle Sensor: If codes indicate issues with the steering angle sensor, use a multimeter to test its function.
   • Tools Required: Multimeter.
   • Expected Range: Refer to the service manual for specific voltage outputs.
2. Inspect EPS Motor: If the EPS is suspected, check the motor's electrical connections and performance.
   • Tools Required: Multimeter, socket set.
3. Check Alignment: A misalignment could cause steering issues. Perform a wheel alignment check.

Required Tools

• OBD-II Scanner
• Multimeter
• Socket Set
• Torque Wrench
• Power Steering Fluid
• Floor Jack and Jack Stands
• Steering Wheel Puller (if disassembly is needed)

Repair Instructions

Repairing Low Power Steering Fluid

1. Locate the Reservoir: Open the hood and locate the power steering fluid reservoir.
2. Check Fluid Level: If the fluid is low, add the recommended fluid until it reaches the full mark.
3. Check for Leaks: If fluid was low, inspect the hoses for leaks and replace if necessary.

Replacing the Steering Angle Sensor

1. Disconnect Battery: Remove the negative battery terminal to prevent electrical shorts.
2. Remove Steering Wheel: Use a steering wheel puller to safely remove the wheel.
3. Access the Sensor: Locate the steering column and find the steering angle sensor.
4. Disconnect Wiring: Unplug the old sensor and remove it from its housing.
5. Install New Sensor: Place the new sensor in the same position and reconnect wiring.
6. Reassemble: Reinstall the steering wheel and reconnect the battery.

Replacing EPS Motor

1. Disconnect Battery: Always start by disconnecting the negative battery terminal.
2. Remove Dashboard Panels: Take off any panels obstructing access to the EPS motor.
3. Disconnect Wiring Harness: Carefully unplug the wiring harness connected to the EPS motor.
4. Unbolt EPS Motor: Remove bolts securing the EPS motor and pull it out.
5. Install New EPS Motor: Align the new motor in place, secure it with bolts, and reconnect the wiring harness.
6. Reassemble: Replace any dashboard panels removed during the process.

Final Steps

1. Reconnect Battery: Reattach the negative battery terminal.
2. Check Functionality: Start the vehicle and check the steering operation.
3. Test Drive: Conduct a test drive to ensure that the steering issues have been resolved.

Conclusion

If problems persist after performing these diagnostics and repairs, it may be necessary to consult a professional mechanic or a Ford dealership for further assistance. Advanced electronic issues may require specialized equipment and knowledge.