Troubleshooting Gear Shifting Issues in a 2021 Ford Explorer

If your 2021 Ford Explorer is having trouble shifting gears, it could be due to several factors, including transmission fluid issues, electronic control problems, or mechanical failures. Below is a detailed guide to diagnose and potentially resolve the issue.

1. Initial Assessment

• Check for Warning Lights: Inspect the dashboard for any warning lights related to the transmission.
• Record Symptoms: Note the specific conditions under which the shifting issues occur (cold starts, after long drives, etc.).

2. Visual Inspection

• Fluid Level Check: Open the hood and locate the transmission dipstick (usually marked with a bright color). Pull it out, wipe it clean, and reinsert it to check the fluid level.
• Fluid Condition: Inspect the transmission fluid. It should be a bright red color and should not have a burnt smell or dark color.

3. Diagnostic Tool Usage

• OBD-II Scanner: Connect an OBD-II scanner to the vehicle’s diagnostic port to check for any trouble codes related to the transmission.
  • Common codes might include P0700 (Transmission Control System Malfunction) or P0730 (Incorrect Gear Ratio).
• Record any codes and their descriptions for further analysis.

4. Check Transmission Fluid

• Tools Required: Transmission funnel, clean cloth, OBD-II scanner.
• Fluid Level Adjustment: If the fluid is low, top off with the manufacturer-recommended fluid (check the owner’s manual for specifications).

5. Inspect Transmission Wiring and Connectors

• Tools Required: Socket set, multimeter.
• Visual Inspection: Check for any damaged wiring or loose connectors on the transmission control module.
• Electrical Testing: Use a multimeter to test for continuity and proper voltage at the transmission solenoids.

6. Transmission Control Module (TCM) Check

• Tools Required: OBD-II scanner, multimeter.
• Reprogram/Reset TCM: Sometimes, a reset or reprogramming of the TCM may resolve shifting issues. Follow manufacturer guidelines.

7. Check for Mechanical Issues

• If all electrical checks are normal, the issue may lie within the mechanical components of the transmission.
• Tools Required: Jack and jack stands, socket set, torque wrench.
• Fluid Leak Inspection: Check for any signs of leaking fluid around the transmission housing.

Repair Instructions

1. Add or Replace Transmission Fluid

• If the fluid level is low, add the appropriate transmission fluid until it reaches the full mark on the dipstick.
• If the fluid is dark or burnt, consider a complete fluid change. This involves:
  • Draining the old fluid.
  • Replacing the transmission filter (if applicable).
  • Adding new fluid according to manufacturer specifications.

2. Repair or Replace Damaged Wiring

• If you identified damaged wiring, repair or replace as necessary. Ensure all connections are secure and free from corrosion.

3. Reprogram TCM

• If a TCM reset is necessary, refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for the exact procedure, which may include using a specialized scan tool.

4. Transmission Replacement (if necessary)

• If mechanical issues are found and the transmission is determined to be faulty, prepare for a transmission rebuild or replacement.
• Tools Required: Transmission jack, full socket set, torque wrench.
• Follow manufacturer guidelines for removing and replacing the transmission unit.

Final Check

1. Test Drive: After completing repairs, take the vehicle for a test drive to ensure the shifting issue is resolved.
2. Re-scan for Codes: After the test drive, recheck with the OBD-II scanner for any new or recurring codes.

Conclusion

If the problem persists after following these steps, it may be best to consult with a professional technician or visit a Ford dealership for further diagnosis and repair. The transmission system is complex, and specialized tools and knowledge may be required for certain repairs.